Reversible brush-holder for dynamo-electric machines.



1'. L, CRU/Emmi REvERSmLE BRUSH Humm mi DYNAM@ ELECTRIC momes.

APPLICATION FILED GCT. 20, 191 I. 1,1. 64,261. Patented Dee. 14, 1915.

-2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

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1. L. CREVELING.

ymvensme BRUSH HoLoER FOR nYNAMo ELEcTmc MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 20, 191|.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

lili 76 WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN L. CEEVELING, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TG SAFETY CAR HEATING AND LGHTINGCOMPANY, A COREORATION OF NEVI JERSEY.

REVERSIBLE BRSH-HOLDER FOR DYNAMIC-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

Application filed Getober 20, 1911.

To ZZ fur/1mm 12mg/ concern Be it known that l. Jeux L. Cnnvnmxe, a resident of i ew York, in the county and State of 'ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reversible lrush-lflolders 'for Dyiiaii1o-Elect1ie Machines, as set forth in the annexed specification and drawings'forming a part thereof.

My invention pertains to that class of dynamos or generators provided with an armature and con'imutator and has for its particular object to provide a generator which will deliver current of uniform polarity'regardless of direction of rotation of the armature.

In the drawing Figure 1 is a partial seetion and elevation of one type of dynamo comprehending my invention. Fig. 2 is a section of 'the dynamo shown in Fig. 1 taken on the line rfi-B as viewed from the right. Fig. 3 a section of the dynamo shown in Fig. 1 taken .on the line CMD as viewed from the right. Fig. Jr is a section of the dynamo shown in Fig. 1 taken on the line E-F as viewed from the right.

In thedrawing, 1 represents the armature of my improved dynamo provided with the commntator 2 and supported as by the shaft 3 carried in suitable journals, one ofwhich is indicated at 1.

5 is an end or head casing carrying the journal 4 and provided with a flanged portion 6 secured to the shell or frame of the dynamo 7 as by the screws 8.

9 is an annular hollow magnet which may `be cast integral with the head if desired and provided with the magnet winding 1() which may be connected across the brushes as diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 1. The casting 5 isalso provided with an extending sleeve 11 provided with a recessed or track portion 1'2 upon which run the sheaves orvrollers 13 carried by the arms 14 which support the connecting members 15 which carry the square rods or members 16 free to slide or move longitudinally therein and which carry at one extremity the shoes of magnetic material 17 and at the other extremity, properly insulatedtherefrom, the brush holders 18. The springs 19 tend to normally move the members 16, 17 and 18 in a right-hand direction and into theposition shown in Fig. 1. The brush holders 18 'carrythe brushes 20 pressed upon the com vrniltatorl il as by any suitable spring mecha- Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented Deca i141, 1915.

serial. no. esaeee i tion, as when the magnet 10 attracts its shoes 17.

25 is a binding post constituting one of the terminals of the machine. rlhis post is insulated :from the frame of the generator and in electrical communication with the rin?` 21 in such manner to connect the same with an external circuit.

The drawing shows a four pole machine and as `l `ig. .1 shows only brushes on the same diameter, they are, of course, of like polarity and, therefore, are both connected with the ring' '24 when the shoes 17 are attracted. The brushes of opposite polarity are connected with the conductors QG similar to 21 and provided with Contact niembers 2 similar to those shown at Q1. The position of these conductors is on the under side of the members 15 in such manner that when the respective shoes are attracted by the magnet 10, the contact members 27 make contact with the ring 2S as shown plainly in Figs. 2, 3 and '-1, and said ring is connected to the external circuit in the same manner as the ring 24 through another binding-post similar to 25, constituting the 4:loo

owing to the friction between the brushes i and the commutator." At any time the brush carrying mechanism may be taken out by simply releasing the springs 29, the apertures 81 being made in the field frame or shell for thisapurpose.

32 is a;x spacing disk providedwth s brush 36 engaging the connecting members 15 in such manner as to insure the same remaining in proper relative relation. Said disk 32 is free to revolve upon the hub 38 within the limits prescribed by the stop 3st. and the cooperating slot lin a four pole machine, as shoivn in the drawings, the slot 35 allows substantially 90 degrees revolution of the brush carrying mechanism and, therefore, it the armature be revolved in one direction the brushes will travel with the commutator until at the ends of the proper axes oi commutation and then, if the generator be revolved in the opposite direction, the brushes Will revolve until in the position at the opposite axes of commutation as may be determined by properly arranging the slot 35 and stop 34.

The operation of my improveddynamo is substantially as follows:

lf the brush carrying mechanism for all the brushes has sheaves or rollers 13 placed in the track 12 and they are united as by the springs 29, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and ii said brush carrying mechanism be' placed with its extending portion Within the slots 3G of the spacing disk 32, as shownin Figs. 1 and 4, and the brushes be placed in proper position as indicated in Fig. 1, then, if the dynamo has its armature revolved in one direction or the other, the entire brush carrying mechanism will revolve With the commutator until arrested by the stop 34- coperating with the end of slots which will arrest the brushes in their proper positions upon the axes of commutation. lf the generator speed then be increased until the voltage be appreciable the magnet 10 in shunt across the brushes will be energized and attract` the shoes 17 against the action of springs 19 and firmly hold the shoes in place in such manner as to lirmly support the brush holders 18 and prevent any chattering or vibration thereof. As the magnet 10 attracts the shoes 17 it will also connect the brush holders and brushes with the rings 24: and 28, the two diametrically opposite brushes shown in Fig. l being connected with 'the ring 2li and the two brushes at right/ angles thereto ot opposite polarity being connected as by the condx'ictors 2i' shown in F igs. 2, 3 and 4t with the rings 2S, the rings 24 and 2S being connected with the external circuits as by the binding-posts 25, one of which is shown in Fig. 1 and both of which are shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. if now the generator stop and the electrornotive force fall to zero, the electiomagnet 10 Will release the shoes 17 and the brush holders will be pressed into the positions shown in Fig. 1 by the springs 19. llt the generator then be started in an opposite direction the brushes 20 will cause the entire carrying mechanism to revolve through an are ot" 90 degrees or untii messer by the .stop 34 and then the electromagnet 10 vvill become excited and attract the shoes 17 and establish the external circuit connection and firmly support the brushes as outlined above. 1t Will be obvious that shifting of the brushes from one axis of commutation to the other Willpcause the generator current to he of uniform polarity regardless oi direction of rotation of the armature.

From the foregoing it will be plain that l have produced a dynamo, or generator, of simple construction in which the brushes are free to revolve into proper positions to preserve uniform direction of current upon reversals of rotation of the armature 'and in which the brushes are firmly supported when the generator is operative and the ill eilects of chattering and vibration avoided. lt will further be obvious that the brush carrying mechanism may readily be removed from the generator for inspection or repairs and that this may. be done Without necessitating the disconnecting of flexible or yielding connections or pig-tails connecting the brush carrying mechanism with some fixed member of the generator.

I make no claim herein to the broad idea of magnetic means for holding the brushes at the point of arrest, nor to the idea oi" means of holding the brushes under control by the current generated by the machine, nor toa fixed stop in the proper combination for limiting the movement of the brushholders, as these various features of invention are made the subject of my application filed August 7, 1911, Serial No. 642,582. Nor do I make claim herein to magnetic meansbroadly for restraining the brushholders, nor anti-frictionai means broadlv for supporting the brush-carriers, as such features of my'invention are made the subject of my said application lSerial bio. 644,983. Nor do l make claim herein to the .broad idea of means of supporting the brushes upon the commutator, 1n combination With means for restraining the movement of the brushes, nor the broad idea of means of securing the brushes together about the commutator, as all such means and features or' my invention are, in the proper combinations, made the subject of my application. Serial No. 651,022, filed September 25, 1911.

l do not vvish in any Way to limit myself to the exact details of construction or to the exact mode of operation set forth in this specification to illustrate one tvpe of dynamo embodying my invention, for it will be obvious that Wide departure may be made in the Way of `details Without departing from bearing, an armature shaft iournaled in said c the spirit and scope of my invention which 1s as set forth in the following claims? bearing, and a commutator carried by said shaft; a reversible brush mechanism comprising a plurality of carrying devices arranged about and bearingupon the said journal; a brush-holder mounted in each of said carrying devices by means permitting movement of the same relatively thereto; means for connecting the carrying devices together so thatl they may all move Ain unison.; means .tor limiting such unitary movement; and independent means tor holding the brushes at the limit ot' such movement whereby vibration and chattering ot' said brushes is avoided.

n a dynamo electric machine, a brushcarrying mechanism comprising a plurality of'parts connected together and mounted so as to move with the armature shaft in either direction of rotation; a plurality ot brushholders mounted upon said brush-carrying mechanism by means enabling' the same to slide relatively thereto; means for limiting the rotation of the carrying mechanism to correspond with the different diametrical axes Vot' commutation; brushes mounted in the brush-holders; circuits and circuit connections between the several brushes and thev terminals of the. machine whereby the current is maintained in a constant direction for reversals of rotation of the commutator; and means acting upon said brush-holders for securing` the same from movement at the limit of rotation ot the carrying mechanism.

. same in a definite position and 3. In a dynamo electric machine, a brushcarrying mechanism comprising a plurality of parts'connected together and mounted so as to move with the armature shaft in either direction of rotation; a plurality of brushholders mounted upon said brush-carrying mechanism by means enabling the same to slide relativelythereto; means for limiting the rotation of the carrying mechanism to correspond with the different diametrical axes of commutation; brushes mounted in the ln'ush-holders; circuits and connections between the several brushes and the terminals of the machine whereby the current is maintained in a constant direction for reversals of rotation of the coniimutator; mechanical means for maintaining the lnush-holders normally in a.' predetermined position relatively to the carrying mechanism: and means for shitting said brush-holders from said predetermined to hold the same against movement at the limit of rotation of the brushcarrying mechanism.

n a` dynamo electric machine a reversbrush holder embracing rotatable brush-carrying means journaled to rotate with the armature shaft, comprising a plurality otl slidanle brush-holding devices provided with yielding means forholding the position laterally; electromagnetic means for holding them in reverse position when energized; means for limiting the rotation of the carrying means in either direction to correspond to the different diametrical axes ot current commutation; thgether with circuits and circuit connections between the severa-l brushes and the termireversals of rotation ot' the commutator.

n a dynamo electric machine a reversible brush-holder embracing brush-carrying means journaled to rotate with the armature shalt` comprising a plurality of independently slidable brush-holding devices provided with yielding means for holding the same in a detinite position laterally; electromagnetic means for holdingr them in reverse position when energized; means for limiting the rotation of the carrying` means in, either direction to correspond to the different diametrical axes of current commutation; together with circuits and circuit connections between the several brushes and the terminals of the machine whereby the current is always maintained constant in direction for reversals ot' rotation of the commutator. v

G. In a dynamo electric machine a reversible brush-holder embracing rotatable brushcarrying means liournaled to rotate with the armature shaft, comprising-a plurality of independently slidable brush-holding devicesJ provided with mechanical means for holding the same in a normal position relatively to the commutator; electromagnetic means for holding them in 'reverse position when energized; means for limiting the rotation of the carrying means in either direction to correspond to the different diametrical aXes of current commutation: together with circuits and circuit connections between the several brushes and the terminals of the machine whereby the current is always maintained constant in direction for reversals of rotation of the commutator.

In ad machine; a brushholder; means for mounting the same so as to be movable with respect to the commutator of said machine; means for producing movement of said brush-holder; and means operated by the brush-holder when the same is moved, to make connection with an outside circuit. A

8. In a dynamo electric machine having a commutator; the combination of a brushholder and brush carried thereby; means for mounting the brush-holder so as to be movable; means for producing suchimovement; a conductor carried by the brush-holder in electrical relation thereby; and a fixed conductor brush-holder is moved the 'conductor4 carried thereby will be forced into Contact with the iXed conductor. f

'combination of a commutator; a brushholder associated therewith; means for Inovably mounting said bruslrholder to enable the same to change its position when the rotation of the commutator reverses and means for holding the brush-liolder against further movement after the reversal of the commutator, and automatically connecting the armature of the machine with an outside circuit.

11. ln a dynamo electric l machine; lthe combination of an armature and al commutator; a brush-holder associated with the commutator and carrying one or -more brushes; means for mounting the same to enable the brush-holder to change its position when the rotation ot' the commutator reverses; and means for producing further movement of the brush-holder after the co'mmutatorreverses, without changing the position of the brush-holder with respect to the aXes of rotation, to secure the mounting means against further movement, and at the Sametime automatically connect the brushes to an outside circuit. y

l2. 'ln a vdynamo electric machine, the combination with a commutator; of a brushholder associated therewith and carrying a plurality of'brushes; means for mounting the brush-holder enabling it to change its position when the rotation of the commutator is reversed; means for maintaining a fixed angular relation of the brushes relatively to the commutator, irrespective of the movement of the latter; and means for holding the brushes from movement at the limit of movement of the brush-holder upon reversals.

13. ln a'dynamo electric machine the combination of an armature and a commutator;

a brush-holderassociated with the commutator and carrying a plurality of brushes;

means for spacing the brushes apart so as' to hold them in fixed relation to each other;

means tor mounting 'the brush-holder enincensi' abling it to change its position when therotation of the commutator reverses; means coperating with the spacing means for limiting the rotation of the brush-holder relatively to the commutator; and means for holding the brushes stationary at the eX- 'bination of a commutator; a brusliholder associated therewith; means for mounting the brush-holder enabling it toamo've with the commutator; means for limiting suclr movement; and means acting directly upon thel brush-holder for moving the samein a right-line direction whereby tov position the same relatively-to the commutator and hold it from further movement at its limit of rotation.v

16. ln a dynamo electric machine the'combination of a commutator; a brush-holder associated therewith; means for mounting the brush-holder enabling it to move with the commutator; means for limitingv such movement; and means acting directly upon 1 the brush-holder for moving the same in a right-line direction whereby to position'the same relatively to the commutator and hold it from further movement at its limit of r tation; and means Afor Xiestoring said brushholder to its normal positin after the in-y luence of the last-nanied means has ceased.

17. The combination with a commutator and brushes in operative relation thereto; of brush-carrying means allowing some motion of the brushes with-the commutator; means vfor arresting said motion with the parts in position for connecting the brushes with the circuitterminals so said brushes maybe connected with opposite branches of said circuit upon reversals in direction of the commutator; and means including anl electromagnet excited by current collected from said' commutator for magnetically holding the brushes in fixed operative position and simultaneously establishing said connection.

Jenn L. cnnvnmne.

Witnesses:

ANNA M. WALL, M. Hnnsxovrrz.

@unies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Uommissonei' lof?,latcni-e.,

' Washington, D..C. v 

